Compliance Corner
Across the states, whether or not mental injuries “count” for workers’ compensation purposes varies, but that’s where a reference tool like Simply Research can help sort out what each state says. Here are the rules in Florida, per 440.093.
Not Generally Compensable
A mental or nervous injury due to stress, fright, or excitement only is not an injury by accident arising out of the employment. Nothing in this section shall be construed to allow for the payment of benefits under this chapter for mental or nervous injuries without an accompanying physical injury requiring medical treatment. A physical injury resulting from mental or nervous injuries unaccompanied by physical trauma requiring medical treatment shall not be compensable.
Manifestation of a Compensable Injury
Mental or nervous injuries occurring as a manifestation of an injury compensable under this chapter shall be demonstrated by clear and convincing medical evidence by a licensed psychiatrist meeting criteria established in the most recent edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association. The compensable physical injury must be and remain the major contributing cause of the mental or nervous condition and the compensable physical injury as determined by reasonable medical certainty must be at least 50 percent responsible for the mental or nervous condition as compared to all other contributing causes combined. Compensation is not payable for the mental, psychological, or emotional injury arising out of depression from being out of work or losing employment opportunities, resulting from a preexisting mental, psychological, or emotional condition or due to pain or other subjective complaints that cannot be substantiated by objective, relevant medical findings.
6-Month Rule
Subject to the payment of permanent benefits under s. 440.15, in no event shall temporary benefits for a compensable mental or nervous injury be paid for more than 6 months after the date of maximum medical improvement for the injured employee’s physical injury or injuries, which shall be included in the period of 104 weeks as provided in s. 440.15(2) and (4). Mental or nervous injuries are compensable only in accordance with the terms of this section.
Case Examples
McKenzie v. Mental Health Care, Inc., 43 So. 3d 767 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010). An employee who suffers an initial physical injury requiring medical treatment may recover for any mental or nervous injury that manifests, so long as the initial physical injury is the major contributing cause of the mental or nervous injury. For example, if an employee loses a limb operating heavy machinery and, over time, the loss of the limb causes the employee to become clinically depressed or mentally unstable (a natural manifestation of the physical injury), the mental or nervous injury will also be compensable under Chapter 440. Another example may arise in a situation where an employee suffers a physical injury that causes long term chronic pain. If the chronic pain eventually results in the employee suffering a mental or nervous injury requiring treatment, the mental or nervous injury would be compensable as the manifestation of the physical injury.
School Board of Lee County v. Huben, 165 So. 3d 865 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2015). Section 440.093(3) to set a strict deadline after which no temporary total disability benefits are payable on psychiatric injuries. The plain language of the statute marks a date on the calendar, or starts a clock that stops six months to the day after the date of physical MMI.
